MONOCOT PLANT
1.Mono means single, cot comes from cotyledon (young leaf) that means the plant having single cotyledon are called monocot plants. Ex. Wheat 2.These plants have Fibrous and Adventitious root system.
Fibrous root system : In this root system the main primary root is short lived is replaced by large number of roots originated from base of the stem Ex. Wheat
Adventitious roots : Roots arises from plant parts other than the radicle. Ex. Banyan Tree. 3. Monocot plant leaves have parallel venation.
4.Generally Monocot seeds are endospermic but some are non endospermic. 1. STEM: Internally you cannot differentiate monocot stem regions cortex endodermis pericycle and pith . vascular bundles are endarch ,closed ,numerous in number and scattered in ground tissue. Medullary rays are absent .
Phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot stem .
2.ROOT: Number of protoxylem groups are more than six .
there is no secondary growth.
Pith is large.
Metaxylem vessels are generally oval or rounded.
DICOT PLANT : Di means two/double , cot comes from cotyledon that means the plants having two cotyledons are called dicot plants. Ex. Pea
2.These plants have Tap root system.
Tap root system: Direct elongation of the radicle leads to tap root system the main root is called primary root and lateral roots are termed as secondary and tertiary roots.
3. Dicot leaves have reticulate venation.
4. Dicot seeds are non endospermic.
1. STEM : Dicot stem is differentiated into cortex endodermis pericycle and pith.
vascular bundles are endarch, open, limited in no. and arranged in rings.
Medullary rays are present.
Phloem parenchyma is present in dicot stem.
2.ROOT: Number of protoxylem groups are less than six.
Secondary growth is present in dicot root.
Pith is small.
Metaxylem vessels are generally polygonal.
OPEN VASCULAR BUNDLES : Vascular bundles having cambium are known as open. CLOSED VASCULAR BUNDLES : Vascular bundles where cambium is absent are known as closed.
EXARCH VASCULAR BUNDLE : In which protoxylem lies towards periphery and metaxylem towards centre.
ENDARCH VASCULAR BUNDLE : In which protoxylem lies towards centre and metaxylem towards periphery.
MESARCH VASCULAR BUNDLE : Protoxylem remains surrounded on all the sides by metaxylem.